'Teazles' they're called in English, says Wikipedia; I wouldn't know - in Austria they're 'Kardätschendistel' (the name refers to its former use for working wool with the thistles used as brushes) or, scientifically, 'Karden'. They need fat soil and they're quite rare.
Here's three different species; their flowers look pretty much the same as soon as they haven't begun flowering (which those three haven't yet). Here's Dipsacus laciniatus (Schlitzblatt-Karde):
And this here is [Dipsacus fullonum (Wild-Karde)] - not so sure about that, now that I've found one which really (and definitely) is D. fullonum - while this one here most likely is D. sativum:
which I both found in Lobau; they're wild growing species. The cultivar is this one, Dipsacus sativus, found on the southern border of Vienna:
And it is actually a cultivated plant even though those who sew it do not intend to harvest: it has been sewn on a small strip of land, according with thistles and other flowering plants, only to serve as a biotope strip between cultivated lands so that butterflies and other insects still find a place to live - as says a sign put up there.
